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First Principles Ep. 6 with Ron Rivest Long before the internet became a place to bank, transact, or build blockchains, Turing Award winner Ron Rivest helped solve a foundational problem: how can strangers communicate securely without first meeting to exchange a secret? Rivest tells the story of inventing RSA with Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman, why digital signatures fascinated him even more than encryption, and how cryptographic hashes, government pressure, patents, and standards shaped the security infrastructure we rely on today. Rivest shares his unusually candid views on quantum computing, post-quantum security, and more. Hosted by @Tim_Roughgarden with @danboneh. 00:00 Intro: the two problems that could break modern cryptography 01:10 Why Ron Rivest’s work underpins the internet and blockchains 08:10 Before public-key cryptography, there was no theory of security 11:05 The open problem that led to RSA 13:55 The night Ron Rivest discovered the core idea behind RSA 17:55 Why digital signatures were the real breakthrough 19:14 The RSA challenge — and a prediction that was off by quadrillions of years 28:33 How government pressure shaped cryptographic standards 30:36 Designing the hash functions that made digital signatures practical 33:26 The Fiat–Shamir transformation, explained 38:04 Building a cryptography company before the web existed 42:31 Will quantum computers ever become powerful enough to break RSA? 48:02 The cryptography securing the internet, elections, and everyday life 50:11 What surprised Dan: Quantum giveth and quantum taketh away

MAC Energy Drink has indeed received major praise for its taste, with initial reviews calling it incredibly smooth, fruity, and reminiscent of "liquid candy" without any typical sugar-free aftertaste. Officially launched by UFC star Conor McGregor The drink launched on the official ⁠MAC Energy Store and Amazon with several distinct zero-sugar profiles: Proper Punch: A smooth, fruit punch variation that reviewers note tastes heavily like strawberry and mixed berries. Macberry Lychee: A unique blend where blueberry and blackberry flavours meet a floral hit of lychee. Forbidden Green Apple: A crisp, tart flavor described by early tasters as sweet and highly accurate to real apple. Orange Creamsicle: A smooth combination of classic citrus orange and vanilla cream. Honey Cream Soda: A sweet, smooth dessert-style profile. What is Inside? Beyond the taste, the beverage differentiates itself from standard energy drinks by using a premium nutraceutical blend: 200mg Natural Caffeine: Sourced directly from organic coffee beans to ensure clean energy. 2,000mg goBHB Active Ketones: Patented cellular fuel designed to prevent a post-caffeine crash. 250mg Cognizin Citicoline: Included to enhance mental clarity, focus, and reaction times. Dietary Friendly: The formula is zero sugar, dye-free, and gluten-free. @macenergy

BREAKING: For 10 years the world believed there was one way to reuse a rocket: land it upright on its engines, the way SpaceX does. Today China refused to copy it, and pulled off something SpaceX never managed on a first flight. It caught the rocket instead. The Long March 10B lifted off from Hainan, China this morning, and about 6 minutes later its first stage came back down toward a 25,000-ton ship at sea. It did not land. Hooks on the falling booster snagged a net of tensioned steel wires strung across the deck, the wires riding robotic rails that slid into place to meet it. No landing legs. No touchdown. A rocket plucked out of its own descent by a moving net, on the maiden flight of a brand-new vehicle. No one handed China this. SpaceX guards its rocket tech as “trade secrets”, not “patents”, precisely so it cannot be read and copied. China watched a decade of public flights and then built an entirely different machine to reach the same prize, catching instead of landing, which sheds the heavy legs and spares the fuel a soft touchdown burns to hover. And this was never about cheaper satellites, though it delivers those too, feeding the thousands of birds in China's Starlink rival. Its deeper purpose is the Moon. That booster shares its core with the rocket meant to land Chinese astronauts on the lunar surface by 2030. In the same season, America's own Moon rocket, Starship, has flown 12 times and still has not shown the single maneuver its lunar plan depends on. One flight does not dethrone SpaceX. It has landed hundreds. What ended today is not SpaceX's lead. It is Uncle Sam’s belief that it owns the only road to the Moon. The piece works out which way of coming home actually wins.

I was clearly wrong about Anthropic. They are obviously currently the leader in AI. No company has released a model as good as Mythos/Fable and they will undoubtedly have Mythos 2 ready soon. And I would never cut them off in a way that hurt them badly, even as a competitor. That’s not my style. Tesla open sourced its patents and we made the Supercharger network available to all competitors, even though we could have made it a walled garden. SpaceX launches competing satellite systems with no increase in price or use of unfair terms. Even my worst enemies can attack me on this platform. …

This is a classic meme. But it's not the entire picture: 1) Most of the grift and graft happens at the NGO level with overpaid liberal midwits outsourcing to outsourcers, just so they can go to Davos and present themselves at cocktail parties. 2) None of these people have moved the needle in decades. 3) It's patently dishonest to blame Elon for the deaths of people in Liberia or anywhere else as a result of demanding accountability for how we spend the tax dollars of hardworking Americans. 4) If the solution is so simple, MacKenzie Scott, Laurene Powell Jobs (friend of Ghislaine Maxwell), or Nancy Walton (owner of a $300 million mega yacht) could snap their fingers and solve the problem. This entire anti-Elon, media driven narrative is so obtuse and contrived. Anyone who buys into this is intellectually captured. Foreign aid creates dependency and props up failure. Real progress comes from property rights, rule of law, trade, entrepreneurship, and stable governance, not blank checks. Stop repeating the same failed experiment and expecting different results.

Innovation is powered by invention. But ideas need protecting and inventors need rewarding. To achieve this balance, Huawei has consistently invested over 20% of its annual revenue in R&D for the past 5 years, and licensed its patents to 48 Fortune 500 companies.

I led a @ficci_india CEO delegation to China and visited companies like BYD, Geely, Midea, Mindray. My 3 top takeaways: 1. China is like a no frills fighting ring. Extremely competitive. Businesses operate at margins (2-3%) global boards would never approve. Only market share matters and there is no concept of ROI. The few who survive are the toughest and the best. 2. R&D and automation are at the highest levels. The scale of automation and R&D investment at these companies is built for a 10-year time horizon, not a quarterly one. They celebrate innovators, have walls of patents and dark factories with unmatched efficiency. 3. The state is a silent shareholder everywhere. Cheap capital, land, power, and policy support at a scale that fundamentally changes unit economics. As long as you service interest (@ only 2-3%), debt doesn’t have to be paid back. This isn’t a level playing field.

How does it work? Sakana Fugu is itself an LLM, trained to call various LLMs in an agent pool, including instances of itself recursively. Fugu dynamically orchestrates the world's best models to tackle complex, multi-step tasks. As shown in this figure, Fugu is a multi-agent system that behaves like a single model. You send a request to one endpoint, and Fugu decides how to handle it internally. Fugu manages model selection, delegation, verification, and synthesis automatically. It solves tasks directly when that is enough, or coordinates a team of expert models when a problem calls for more. The complexity of a multi-agent system never reaches your code. At launch, Sakana Fugu comes in two models accessed via a single OpenAI-compatible API: • Fugu balances strong performance with low latency for everyday work. It fits naturally into tools like Codex for coding, as well as chatbots and interactive services. You can also opt specific agents out of its pool for data compliance. • Fugu Ultra is our flagship model tuned for maximum answer quality on hard, multi-step problems. It coordinates a deeper pool of expert agents for demanding work like AI research, cybersecurity analysis, and patent investigations.