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Sam Altman asked Elon Musk what he'd do if he were 22 again. Not "build Tesla." Not "start a rocket company." Two words: be useful That's the whole framework. It sits on two questions almost nobody asks themselves. How much better is your solution than what already exists? How many people can it actually help? Multiply the two. That's your real impact. Every company that has ever changed the planet started by solving a useful problem for a specific group. Nobody who set out to "change the world" ever did. The companies that transformed anything started by making one boring, useful thing 10x better. 22-year-olds looking for a moonshot miss the actual moonshot sitting in the boring problem next to them. Be useful. Ship it to a small group. See if they can't live without it. Repeat. What's the most important problem you think still doesn't have a real solution? Drop it in the replies.

We've finished fueling up our @NASARoman telescope, bringing it one step closer to its targeted liftoff on Aug. 30. Learn more about the process and find out what's next for our mystery-solving mission:

Geoffrey Hinton says a big language model runs on about 1% of your brain's connections and still ends up knowing more than you: "So in your brain, you have a hundred trillion connections, roughly speaking. Okay. That's a lot. And you only live for about two billion seconds. That's not much." "If you compare how many seconds you live for, with how many connections you've got, you have a whole lot more connections than experiences." "Now with these neural nets, it's sort of the other way round. They only have of the order of a trillion connections. So like 1% of your connections, even in a big language model, many of them fewer, but they get thousands of times more experience than you." "So the big language models are solving the problem with not many connections, only a trillion. How do I make use of a huge amount of experience?" "And back propagation is really, really good at packing huge amounts of knowledge into not many connections." "But that's not the problem we're solving. We've got huge numbers of connections, not much experience. We need to sort of extract the most we can from each experience." Two to three billion seconds is the whole budget. Everything you know, you learned inside it. So evolution built you to squeeze a lot out of very little. Hinton's point is that a language model has the opposite problem and the opposite fix, and backprop turned out to be extremely good at that fix. Worth noticing what this predicts about failure. A system running on 1% of your wiring and thousands of times your experience is not going to fail the way you do. You fail from having seen too few examples. It fails from compressing too many into too little, and the compression is where the errors get made. That is a strange thing to be deploying into hospitals and courts with no way to inspect it. We test these systems by asking them questions, which tells you what came out. Nobody can yet look at a trillion connections and say what got packed in. - Geoffrey Hinton, Nobel laureate and Turing Award winner, on StarTalk (@StarTalkRadio) with Neil deGrasse Tyson.

Nonce-Generation Vulnerability in the Zilliqa Ledger App: A critical vulnerability has been identified in the Zilliqa Ledger application affecting the generation of Schnorr signatures for native (non-EVM) Zilliqa transactions. The vulnerability causes signatures to be generated with a predictably weakened ephemeral nonces, from which an attacker can recover the signer’s private key using only publicly available on-chain data. Protective measures are already in place to prevent further loss, and a coordinated remediation plan is being finalised. Users who have signed native Zilliqa transactions with a Ledger device should await official guidance before taking any action. Impact: The vulnerability affects private keys used to sign native Zilliqa transactions with a Ledger device. Any account that has broadcast approximately five or more native transactions signed through the Zilliqa Ledger app should be considered compromised. Its private key can be reconstructed from signatures already recorded on-chain, regardless of any subsequent software update. The issue is confined to the Ledger app’s native signing path. EVM transactions are unaffected. Zilliqa software development kits, including zilliqa-js, gozilliqa-sdk and pyzil, generate nonces correctly and are not affected. Root cause: Zilliqa native transactions are authenticated using EC-Schnorr signatures over secp256k1. Each signature requires a fresh, uniformly random 256-bit ephemeral nonce, (k). The secrecy and full-width randomness of (k) are essential, as any systematic bias can allow the private key to be recovered. The signing routine generated 40 bytes of randomness and reduced them modulo the curve order, correctly producing a uniform 256-bit value. However, when copying this value into the nonce buffer, the code copied the wrong 32 bytes of the 40-byte output. This retained the eight zero-padding bytes introduced by the reduction and discarded eight bytes of entropy. As a result, the most significant 64 bits of every generated nonce were fixed at zero, meaning (k < 2^{192}). A nonce with 64 known bits leaks information about the private key with each signature. With five or more affected signatures, the private key can be recovered in seconds using commodity hardware by solving the resulting Hidden Number Problem through lattice reduction - a well-documented technique for attacking biased-nonce signatures. Because the affected transactions are permanently recorded on-chain, this exposure cannot be reversed by updating the signing application. The affected keys must be retired. Timeline 2019-2026: The defect was present in every released version of the Zilliqa Ledger app across all supported devices. 19 July 2026: On-chain activity consistent with active exploitation was observed. 21 July 2026: The root cause was isolated to the app’s nonce-handling code and confirmed by reproducing the issue against on-chain signatures. Ongoing: A corrected version of the app is being prepared in coordination with Ledger. Release details will be announced separately. Remediation: As soon as the issue was identified, native (non-EVM) transactions were suspended as a protective measure. This has halted further draining of affected accounts while a solution is prepared. Affected accounts cannot be secured through an ordinary transfer. Because their private keys can be derived from data already recorded on-chain, an attacker with access to the same key could attempt to front-run a legitimate transfer as soon as transactions resume. Advising users simply to move their funds would therefore be ineffective and potentially unsafe. A corrected build of the Ledger app has been prepared, restoring full-width nonce generation and preventing further weakened signatures from being produced. However, this does not protect keys that have already been used to sign affected transactions. Those keys must ultimately be retired. A coordinated remediation plan to secure affected balances is being finalised and will be published separately. Until then, users who have signed native Zilliqa transactions with a Ledger device should take no independent action and should rely solely on official Zilliqa channels for instructions. Users who hold or transact with ZIL exclusively through EVM-compatible tooling are not affected. Acknowledgments: @kucoincom played a key role in pinpointing the root cause in the Zilliqa Ledger app nonce generation, recovered affected private keys from publicly available on-chain signatures, and confirmed ongoing exploitation. KuCoin’s timely reporting and responsible collaboration enabled rapid protective measures, helping safeguard users, ecosystem participants, and the broader Zilliqa ecosystem while the remediation plan was being developed. We sincerely appreciate the KuCoin team’s professionalism, technical expertise, and cooperation throughout this process.

"Light Song” THE INDIA COUTURE SHOW “Their love moulds an eclipse An open secret For the world to see The light and lightless Solving and weaving The perfect mystery” - Navkirat Sodhi Automobile Partner: @MGSelectIndia #GauravGupta# #GauravGuptaCouture#

XTruth Integrates with OKX Onchain Outcomes to Provide Onchain Result Adjudication for World Cup Prediction Markets Summary XTruth has now integrated with OKX Onchain Outcomes, providing result submission, dispute resolution, and onchain settlement support for its World Cup prediction markets. OKX Onchain Outcomes serves as the infrastructure for this edition's official OKX World Cup prediction event. The first batch of markets covers six major categories — including overall champion and Golden Boot — as well as all 104 individual matches throughout the tournament. XTruth: Bringing Real-World Outcomes Onchain, Credibly XTruth is an open optimistic oracle deployed on X Layer, focused on solving one problem: how to credibly submit and settle clearly defined, verifiable real-world event outcomes onchain. Every prediction market needs a clear final outcome. Under XTruth's mechanism, a proposer submits an event result according to preset rules, while other participants can verify the proposal during a dispute window and challenge incorrect results. If a proposal goes unchallenged during the dispute period, the result moves to final settlement; if a dispute arises, it's handled according to the protocol's adjudication process. All proposals, challenges, and settlement records are recorded onchain and are publicly verifiable. XTruth also uses economic incentives to encourage community participation in result adjudication. Proposers who submit correct results earn adjudication rewards, while disputers who successfully challenge incorrect proposals can earn rewards according to protocol rules. The first round of community proposer recruitment has been completed, and the initial cohort of participants has already begun submitting and verifying match results in World Cup–related markets, earning OKB rewards in the process. Shortening Settlement Cycles for Time-Sensitive Markets Traditional optimistic oracles typically set relatively long dispute periods. Once a proposal enters the dispute process, the market may also need to wait for additional voting or adjudication time. For sporting events, results are usually clear shortly after the match ends, and users want markets to settle as quickly as possible. For these time-sensitive scenarios with clearly defined outcomes, XTruth supports configuring dispute periods as short as a few minutes, reducing the wait time from result submission to final settlement. A shorter dispute period doesn't mean skipping verification. Proposers still must submit results according to the rules and data sources predetermined by the market, and disputers can still challenge incorrect proposals within the allotted time. XTruth aims to strike the right balance between settlement efficiency and result reliability for high-time-sensitivity markets. Beyond Sports: Expanding into More Real-World Scenarios Sports isn't the only application XTruth is built for. As long as an outcome is clearly defined, the data source is well established, and a verifiable conclusion is possible, the same mechanism can be applied to macroeconomic events, onchain metrics, and entertainment data, among other scenarios. For example, whether a central bank rate decision resulted in a rate cut, whether a given chain's TVL exceeded a preset threshold at a specific point in time, or whether a film's opening-weekend box office (per a specified data source) hit a target figure — all of these can be defined as events requiring onchain adjudication. Such markets need to clearly specify, at creation, the object being observed, the data source, the measurement methodology, and the deadline. XTruth is then responsible for supporting result submission, dispute resolution, and final settlement. Exchange OS is an open protocol for the X Layer ecosystem. For prediction markets and dApps that require real-world result adjudication, XTruth plans to offer standardized oracle integration capabilities. Airdrop Season 1 Is Now Live XTruth Season 1 has officially launched, with a total ecosystem incentive pool of 5 million XTR allocated this season to reward participants who make meaningful contributions to the ecosystem. After completing basic tasks and qualifying for participation, users can get involved in three ways: joining the Hook x World Cup Hackathon to build a V4 Hook; completing designated tasks during the BillionLive World Cup season; or deploying and trading tokens on Eulr. For detailed task requirements, contribution calculation methods, and reward distribution rules, please visit: Becoming X Layer's Real-World Result Adjudication Layer XTruth's goal is to become the result adjudication layer connecting onchain markets with real-world events across the X Layer ecosystem. Starting with World Cup prediction markets, XTruth will continue to validate its open result submission, community challenge, and onchain settlement mechanisms. As more integrations come online, an expanding range of clearly defined, verifiable real-world events will be able to be asserted, verified, and settled on X Layer. XTruth 接入 OKX Onchain Outcomes，为世界杯竞猜市场提供链上结果裁定 XTruth 现已接入 OKX Onchain Outcomes，为其世界杯竞猜市场提供结果提交、争议处理与链上结算支持。OKX Onchain Outcomes 是本届 OKX 世界杯官方竞猜活动的基础设施。首批市场覆盖总冠军、金靴等六类主题，以及贯穿整届赛事的 104 场单场比赛。 XTruth：将现实结果可信地写入链上 XTruth 是部署于 X Layer 的开放式乐观预言机，专注于解决一个问题：如何将定义清晰、结果可验证的现实世界事件可信地提交并结算到链上。 每一个预测市场都需要明确的最终结果。在 XTruth 的运行机制中，proposer 根据预设规则提交事件结果，其他参与者可以在争议期内核验提案，并对错误结果发起挑战。如果提案在争议期内未被成功挑战，该结果将进入最终结算；如果发生争议，则按照协议设定的裁定流程处理。相关提案、挑战和结算记录均在链上留痕，可供公开核验。 XTruth 同时通过经济激励鼓励社区参与结果裁定。正确提交结果的 proposer 可以获得裁决奖励；成功挑战错误提案的 disputer 可以按照协议规则获得相应奖励。 第一轮社区 proposer 招募现已完成，首批参与者已经开始在世界杯相关市场中提交和核验比赛结果，并从中赚取okb奖励。 为高时效市场缩短结算周期 传统乐观预言机通常设置较长的争议期。当提案进入争议流程后，市场还可能需要等待额外的投票或裁定时间。 对体育赛事而言，结果通常在比赛结束后迅速明确，用户也希望市场能够尽快完成结算。针对这类结果明确、时效性要求较高的场景，XTruth 支持配置分钟级争议期，以缩短从结果提交到最终结算的等待时间。 更短的争议期并不意味着取消核验环节。proposer 仍需按照市场预先确定的规则和数据来源提交结果，disputer 也可以在规定时间内对错误提案发起挑战。 XTruth 希望在结算效率与结果可信度之间建立适合高时效市场的平衡。 从体育赛事走向更多现实场景 体育并不是 XTruth 唯一面向的应用方向。 在结果定义清晰、数据来源明确且具备可验证结论的前提下，同一套机制还可以用于宏观事件、链上指标和娱乐数据等场景。例如，某次议息会议公布的目标利率是否下调、某条链在指定时间点的 TVL 是否超过预设数值，或某部影片按指定数据源统计的首周末票房是否达到目标，都可以被定义为需要链上裁定的事件。 这些市场需要在创建时明确观察对象、数据来源、统计口径和截止时间。XTruth 则负责支持结果提交、争议处理与最终结算。 Exchange OS 是面向 X Layer 生态的开放协议。对于需要现实结果裁定的预测市场和 dApp，XTruth 计划提供标准化的预言机接入能力。 Airdrop Season 1 已开启 XTruth Season 1 现已启动，本季设置总计 500 万枚 XTR 的生态激励额度，用于回馈对生态作出有效贡献的参与者。 用户完成基础任务并获得参与资格后，可以通过三类方式参与：参加 Hook x World Cup Hackathon 并构建 V4 Hook；在 BillionLive 世界杯赛季中完成指定任务；或在 Eulr 上部署和交易代币。 具体任务要求、贡献计算方式及奖励分配规则请查看： 成为 X Layer 的现实结果裁定层 XTruth 的目标，是成为 X Layer 生态连接链上市场与现实事件的结果裁定层。 从世界杯竞猜开始，XTruth 将继续验证开放式结果提交、社区挑战和链上结算机制。随着接入场景增加，更多定义清晰、结果可验证的现实事件，将能够在 X Layer 上被断言、被核验并完成结算。 #Xtruth# #OKX# #Xlayer#

BREAKING: Grok 4.5 leads VulcanBench’s new coding benchmark. 🔥 Grok scored 91.3%, solving 21 of 23 real-world software tasks across five languages, beating Claude Fable 5 and GPT-5.6 Sol while also owning the cost-efficiency frontier. Grok keeps winning. 🏆