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Why Tokenization Could Be the Most Important Economic Innovation of Our Lifetime | Bruce Fenton @BruceFenton is a longtime Bitcoin advocate since 2012, securities professional, and one of the early pioneers of tokenized securities. He is the founder and CEO of Chainstone Labs and founder of Atlantic Financial. Alongside Overstock founder @PatrickByrne, Bruce was involved in some of the earliest efforts to bring securities and financial-market infrastructure onto blockchain rails. In 2018, he tokenized equity in his own company, Chainstone Labs, on the Ravencoin blockchain—years before tokenization became one of Wall Street’s biggest narratives. In this episode, Bruce breaks down naked short selling, the plumbing behind traditional securities markets, and why he believes much of the problem is ultimately a ledger problem. We dive into questions such as: Who actually owns the stocks sitting in your brokerage account? How can shares be lent and rehypothecated? What role do brokers, clearing firms, DTCC, and Cede & Co. play in determining who owns what? And could blockchain replace an opaque system of claims and intermediaries with a transparent ledger showing exactly where an asset is and who owns it? We unpack what “tokenized stocks” actually means—and the important distinction between a token that simply gives you exposure to a stock’s price and a security issued natively onchain, where the token itself represents the actual share and the ownership rights that come with it. Bruce discusses how tokenization could allow smaller businesses to tokenize ownership and have their stock traded globally without needing to be listed on a traditional exchange like the NYSE, as well as what a future without KYC could look like. Finally, we get into Wall Street’s embrace of tokenization, the SEC’s evolving approach to tokenized securities, and one of the biggest questions surrounding the future of this technology: who ultimately controls these new financial rails? Remember to subscribe and hit the bell “🔔” icon to get notifications 0:00 Bruce Fenton & Patrick Byrne: Pioneers of Tokenized Securities 3:36 Naked Short Selling Explained 6:28 Who Actually Owns the Stocks in Your Brokerage Account? 12:00 Tokenization Solves Wall Street’s “Ledger Problem” 15:48 What Are You Actually Buying With Robinhood’s Tokenized Stocks? 16:48 Real Tokenized Stocks: When the Token IS the Share 21:46 Tokenization Could Open U.S. Markets to the Entire World 22:52 Why Companies May No Longer Need the NYSE 26:29 Could Tokenized Markets Exist Without KYC? 29:31 Bruce Tokenized Equity on Ravencoin in 2018 30:53 Will Blockchain Make Clearing Houses & DTCC Obsolete? 33:17 Could Tokenization Have Prevented the GameStop Crisis? 38:19 Wall Street Is Embracing Tokenization — Who Gets the Power? 40:20 The SEC’s New Tokenized Securities “Innovation Exemption” 42:57 Why Robinhood’s Tokenized Stocks Don’t Qualify 47:01 Could Everything Eventually Be Tokenized? 51:02 The Dystopian Side of Tokenization: Surveillance & Asset Seizure

[开源学习资源] AI Engineering from Scratch 59.8K ⭐️ 作者 @ghumare64 课程共 20 个阶段，以 Python 为主要编程语言，主张在导入任何框架之前，先用纯数学把每个算法手写一遍。 课程地址： 开源地址： 它和常见教程的本质区别 ？ 大多数 AI 教程是“API 驱动”的：装个库、调个接口、跑个 demo。这个项目反其道而行，每节课遵循固定的六段结构： Motto → Problem → Concept → Build It → Use It → Ship It 以 Phase 10 的一节课「Tokenizers: BPE, WordPiece, SentencePiece」 为例，这个格式是真实落地的，而且写作质量相当高： · Problem 部分不讲废话，直接从代价切入：“你的 LLM 不读英语，它读整数。分词器决定这些整数是承载意义还是浪费意义”，然后解释为什么 tokenization 不是预处理，它是架构的一部分（影响上下文窗口利用率、API 计费、推理速度）。 · Concept 部分用“三种失败的方案和一种胜出的方案”来讲演化逻辑：词级切分（词表爆炸、[UNK] 问题）→ 字符级切分（序列过长）→ 子词切分（BPE 的折中），并配上真实语料上 BPE 逐步合并的手工演算。 每节约 3000+ 词，带 Mermaid 图、可运行代码和测试。 另外两个设计值得强调： · 每节课产出一个可复用的 artifact，一个 prompt、一个 skill、一个 agent 或一个 MCP server。学完整个课程，你手里有 523 个可展示的作品，不是 523 个跑完就扔的 notebook。 · 强调“证据留存”：保留命令、退出码、输出，作为学习发生的证明。这明显吸收了工程实践中“可验证性”的思路。 # 课程结构：从线性代数到自主智能体集群 20 个阶段构成一条完整的上升曲线，咱们它分成五个大块来看： 基础层（Phase 0–2）：环境与工具链、数学基础（线性代数/概率/微积分）、经典机器学习。这是给基础不牢的读者铺的路。 深度学习与感知层（Phase 3–6）：神经网络核心、计算机视觉（一路讲到 NeRF、高斯泼溅、世界模型，这已经超出一般教程的覆盖范围）、NLP、语音。 生成与决策层（Phase 7–9）：Transformer 深挖、生成式 AI（GAN、扩散模型、flow matching）、强化学习。 LLM 层（Phase 10–12）：这是全课程的重心之一。Phase 10 的目录我逐条看过，它不只是“从零实现 GPT”这种常规内容，还包含了相当前沿的论文级主题：DeepSeek-V3 架构走读、DualPipe 并行策略、Native Sparse Attention（NSA）、多 token 预测、Jamba 的 SSM-Transformer 混合架构、 speculative decoding 等。Phase 11 转向应用侧（RAG、LoRA、MCP、可观测性），Phase 12 覆盖多模态（从 CLIP 到 computer-use agent）。 智能体层（Phase 13–16）：工具与协议（MCP、A2A、Agent Skills）、54 节课的 agent 工程、自主系统与安全、多智能体集群。这一层的分量很能说明项目的判断：它认为 AI 工程的重心正在从“训模型”转向“构建可靠协作的智能体”。 收尾（Phase 17–19）：生产基础设施、伦理与对齐、毕业设计。 # 生态与周边：不只是一个课程仓库 网站：带浏览器本地存储的学习进度追踪、术语表、课程目录和路线图。 六卷本书籍：课程内容由 CI（pandoc）自动构建成 EPUB/PDF，附在 GitHub Releases 上，课程即书，且随仓库持续更新。 Agent 导师模式：运行 npx skills add rohitg00/ai-engineering-from-scratch，可以把整个课程装进 Claude Code、Codex 等编码智能体，变成一个带分级测验（placement quiz）和个性化路径的交互式导师，学习进度写在 LEARNING.md 里。这是“用你正在学的工具来学”的巧妙闭环。 认证备考：5 条备考路径、67 节课、505 道练习题，覆盖 Anthropic 的 Claude 认证和 Agentic AI Foundation 的 MCPA。项目明确声明与这些考试机构无关联，只是独立的备考材料。 12 种语言的翻译（含中文），以及四条核心学习路径（构建与部署 AI 应用、软件工程基础、Agent 辅助工程、产品判断与交付）供不同目标的人选路。

RWA growth is no longer just about bringing assets on-chain. 📈 $34.18B RWA AUM 🚀 Equities +390.4% YTD 🔗 Capital activation up across key asset classes The next chapter of tokenization is making assets useful—not just accessible. Welcome to the RWA Activation Era. 👇

Introducing Ondo Intelligent Portfolios, the first three portfolios powered by BlackRock. Ondo Intelligent Portfolios introduces a new onchain product category: curated investment portfolios delivered as single onchain transferable tokens. The first three portfolios are based on portfolio strategies developed by BlackRock for Ondo, marking the first time eligible onchain investors can access exposure to such strategies through a single token. 1. BLKHIon: Ondo High Income Powered by BlackRock 2. BLKDIGon: Ondo Diversified Growth Powered by BlackRock 3. BLKGRWon: Ondo High Growth Powered by BlackRock Diversified, professionally constructed strategies have historically required brokerage accounts and traditional fund structures. Now, delivered as peer-to-peer transferable tokens from Ondo, these onchain portfolios become accessible to eligible non-US investors in permitted jurisdictions through the wallets, exchanges, and DeFi applications they already use. “Tokenization creates new ways for portfolio strategies to be delivered through digital infrastructure. Diversified portfolio strategies can be incorporated into tokenized investment products, enabling eligible investors to access diversified allocations through a single instrument. It shows how established portfolio construction approaches can be delivered through new channels and technologies.” - Lisa O’Connor, Global Head of the Model Portfolio Solutions team and Co-CIO for Global Solutions within the Multi-Asset Strategies group at BlackRock Ondo Intelligent Portfolios can unlock novel capabilities: → Programmatic rebalancing → Full composability with DeFi → Complete transparency onchain → Multiple asset classes in a single token This is just the start for Ondo Intelligent Portfolios. The infrastructure is now in place for leading financial institutions to bring their asset allocation expertise onchain.

Institutional clients are a core focus for Bitget's next phase, which means we're listening closely to what they actually need. Over the past few weeks, I've been sitting down with leaders from some of our key institutional partners for a new CEO Chat Series, where we talked about topics reshaping the market, from prime brokerage and fragmented liquidity to smarter collateral, tokenization at scale, and the changing expectations around institutional execution. Fire chat coming soon, stay tuned to @bitget

CEO Vlad Tenev defended the company’s push into tokenized stocks on Wednesday, saying public companies can’t control the financial products built around their shares once they go public, after $AMC recently slammed Robinhood’s tokenization efforts Says these are backed 1:1 with #AMC# stock and no voting rights

Day 3: Closed-door roundtables, led by anchors with firsthand experience in each field. We explored: > DeFi’s next chapter > Stablecoins and payments > On-chain privacy > RWA tokenization > Agentic finance 💛 Thank you to everyone who brought their expertise, curiosity, and candor to the table. More from Bhutan soon.