"Mr. Mamdani, you tried to stop me from coming here. You tried to silence me. Well, you can't silence me! You can't silence the truth!" Netanyahu, at the UN, calling out NYC mayoral candidate Zohran Mamdani by name. The room erupts.
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Nebraska "Independent" Senate Candidate Dan Osborn exposed his real agenda if he gets elected to the Senate:
"I’ll be the Senator for six years and everybody else can f-off... I can be the voice for LGBTQ and immigration and all of these issues."
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The first #
JustinSunPrize# candidates are in a 14-day public review that began Sept 19.
Contributions span mathematical solutions and Lean formalization for problems 305, 371, 381, 526, 866 and 1001.
Details and formal challenge procedures👇
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🚨 BREAKING: KAMALA’S TEASING 2028... AND HER OWN PARTY IS RUNNING FOR THE EXITS 🚨
Her BIG PITCH? “TOO BIG TO RIG” 🤣
Democrats are BEGGING her: “Please DO NOT come to my state. I do not need you here.” 🤣🤣
Kamala’s REBUTTAL? “It’s okay not to be in love with a candidate.” 🤦
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Is AI actually speeding up drug discovery?
According to new McKinsey research, there are early signs that it is: all of these candidates were AI-enabled, with discovery time cut by ~15-80%.
(Incredibly bullish)
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Advance Richmond adds four more candidates to slate
A note on recursive STARK mempools (EIP-8288)
This is an EIP that I am hoping we can get included in I-star (the fork after Hegota) that you can think of as the next step after Frames, that would unlock extreme amounts of power. Particularly:
* Ultra-cheap quantum-safe signatures (SPHINCS-). Much of the cost savings comes from the fact that the signature data (~3 kB) does not have to go onchain
* Ultra-cheap quantum-safe privacy protocols. Status quo minimum cost for private txs is ~300k if you engineer very well (no one does), status quo quantum-safe is ~10M gas, this could reduce it to low tens of thousands.
* Universal support for your favorite new signature or proof scheme without needing EVM changes. Whatever you use (Falcon, ML-DSA, some other lattice-based thing, something code-based or isogeny-based or even more esoteric), you can just wrap it client-side in a STARK, onchain gas cost low tens of thousands just like privacy protocols. Hopefully, Ethereum will never need "please support my favorite cryptographic algo" politics again.
* Private account abstraction: keep your account logic private, and in a private location onchain. Then you can make one transaction to change the ownership of all your onchain state - accounts, defi positions, privacy protocol notes, everything - without revealing which objects' ownership you're changing.
Here's how it works.
Your transaction can include a type of frame that we call a "dependency frame". The frame is a list of statements, asserting claims like "message hash M was signed by SPHINCS- public key P" and "data hash D was proven to satisfy a statement defined by verification key V".
When you send your transaction, you send it in an envelope, which includes a signature or a STARK for each statement in a dependency frame.
Once the transaction reaches the mempool, nodes aggregate them. Each node runs a loop: wait one tick (eg. 500ms), aggregate all new envelopes (either single-tx or multi-tx) that you've seen, remove any transactions that are expired, generate a STARK recursively proving all dependencies, and send a new multi-tx envelope containing that STARK.
Hence, the bandwidth load is bounded: each node's outbound is one STARK (~100-300 kB) per tick, plus each transaction getting broadcasted through the network once (as happens already).
The block builder acts as "yet another mempool node", receiving envelopes from the mempool (plus any side channels), generates its own STARK covering the subset of transactions it intends to include in the block, and adds that STARK to the block.
Total onchain overhead: one STARK (100-300 kB), plus 96 bytes for each statement being proven.
This is what I've called before ( ) "The Proof Singularity". Today, we have all the ingredients to actually implement it.
As a developer, this requires a somewhat different workflow than you are used to, but it is conceptually simple. Any signatures or STARKs, you put into a separate frame. Then the main logic that today is verifying a signature or STARK, you replace with checking for the existence of a frame that includes the correct statement as a dependency.
Examples of useful statements:
* [tx sighash] verifies against [the pubkey at sload(0)]
* there exists a secret and a merkle branch such that hashing secret+0 and applying the merkle branch outputs (public) root R, and hashing secret+1 outputs (public) nullifier N
* there exists a secret address A, salt S and signature Z such that sload(0) = hash(A, S) and a merkle proof of address A inside a recent ethereum state contains some pubkey D where [tx sighash] was signed by D [this is private account abstraction; all variables except [tx sighash] and sload(0) are private; you can also make D a STARK verification key]
* there exists an ML-DSA signature signing [tx sighash], that verifies against an ML-DSA pubkey whose hash is sload(0)
At the core, this is moving any compute and data other than bookkeeping "business logic" outside the core path of Ethereum execution, sharding and parallelizing it via the mempool.
Notice also that this requires agreeing on a _language_ (aka. an ISA) for the recursive STARKs to define statements in. The current leading candidate is RISC-V. So this would also de-facto be Ethereum adding RISC-V (or something else we decide on) as a canonical ISA - a big decision that should be done carefully, but that I think will be necessary to drive Ethereum forward.
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Was able to pixellate a photo of Kirby sucking on female booty, so naturally I figured
@JennaLynnMeowri was the best candidate for this piece.
列治文市选已经结束,因为选举团队和助选团的确定已经将结果写好了,其他都是战术上小插曲, 不会影响最终结果。以下是原因:
很多人看列治文市选,都会有一个直觉:
华人占列治文人口一半以上,为什么从2018年以来,华人候选人在市长、市议员选举里还是屡屡失败?
真正的问题,其实不是“华人够不够多”,而是:
人口多数,从来不等于选举多数。
更重要的是,很多候选人把“华人社群里的声量”,误当成了“全市选票”。
2018年,列治文华人人口已经约占53%。
但市长选举中:
Malcolm Brodie:30,452票
Hong Guo:2,940票
Lawrence Chen:1,260票
Cliff Wei:594票
即使把三名主要华人背景候选人的票全部加起来,也只有4,794票,大约只占市长有效票的10%。
所以2018年的失败,根本不能简单解释成:
“华人候选人太多,把华人票分掉了。”
因为数据告诉我们:
根本不存在一个自动属于华人候选人的“53%华人票仓”。
真正需要理解的是列治文的选举制度。
Richmond City Council一共有8个席位,而且是全市at-large选举。
2018年第8名当选线是13,212票。
当年总共有48,412张选票。
也就是说,一个候选人想进Council,必须让大约:
27.3%的实际投票者勾选自己。
到了2022年:
第8名Kash Heed:10,563票
总选票:35,093
门槛变成:
30.1%。
所以Richmond市议员真正的竞争,不是:
“我在某个华人圈里有多少忠实支持者?”
而是:
“全市至少30%的实际投票者,愿不愿意把我放进自己的8个选择之一?”
这完全是两种不同的竞选逻辑。
这也是为什么Chak Au是一个非常重要的反例。
2018年:
Chak Au:18,026票
相当于37.2%的所有投票者勾选了他。
2022年:
Chak Au:16,515票
相当于47.1%的投票者勾选了他。
而且2022年他直接成为全市Council票王。
如果“非华裔不投华裔”真的是主要规律,那么Chak Au的数据根本无法解释。
他的成功说明:
一个华裔候选人完全可以获得大量跨族裔选票。
关键在于,他没有把自己塑造成:
“代表华人的候选人。”
而是:
“一个长期服务Richmond、同时也是华裔的候选人。”
两者看起来只差一句话,选举结果可能差一万票。
Chak Au的真正优势,其实在竞选开始之前就已经形成。
他从1999年起担任Richmond School Trustee,之后进入City Council。
所以到了2018年,他已经拥有接近20年的公共服务记录。
对很多普通选民来说,他不需要再回答:
“这个人是谁?”
选民只需要回答:
“我要不要再次把这个熟悉的名字勾上?”
而一个新人则必须连续跨过三道门槛:
你是谁?
我为什么相信你?
为什么我要在最多8个人里面专门留一个位置给你?
这就是地方选举里现任和长期公共品牌的巨大优势。
再看2018年的Hong Guo。
她当时提出的一些政策,本身并不是什么“华人政策”。
包括:
政府问责、Massey Tunnel、警务模式、住房审批。
这些其实都是全市议题。
但问题在于:
竞选中的signal,往往比政策文件更重要。
她的启动活动高度普通话化,支持网络集中在华人社团、微信群和中文传播渠道。
后来又出现了“只投华人候选人”的微信群名单争议。
结果就是,一个原本可以包装成:
“挑战长期市长、推动政府问责的Richmond候选人”
很容易被外界重新定义成:
“Chinese candidate for Chinese voters。”
这就是竞选定位中最危险的事情。
不是因为华人身份本身有问题。
而是因为:
当一个候选人被某个族裔强烈所有化以后,他的crossover ceiling会迅速下降。
Richmond的Council制度尤其奖励一种东西:
breadth,而不是intensity。
举个简单例子。
候选人A:
在一个社群里非常受欢迎,8,000人坚定支持。
但其他群体只给他1,000票。
总票:9,000。
落选。
候选人B:
没有任何群体特别狂热。
但华人选民给8,000票,其他选民再给6,000票。
总票:14,000。
当选。
所以Council竞选真正需要的不是:
“让10%的人特别爱我。”
而是:
“让30%以上的人觉得我可以。”
这也是Chak Au最厉害的地方。
他不一定是每个人的第一选择。
但对大量选民来说:
“Chak也可以,勾上吧。”
这就是at-large选举最值钱的政治资产:
低拒绝率。
再看Derek Dang,会更加清楚。
2018:
Derek Dang:13,115票
距离第8名只差:
97票。
2022:
10,306票
距离第8名只差:
257票。
所以他的失败,和Hong Guo完全不是同一种失败。
Hong Guo的问题是:
没有建立真正的citywide coalition。
Derek Dang的问题则是:
已经做到接近30%的全市接受度,但差最后几百票。
这说明所谓“华人候选人失败”,实际上至少有三种完全不同的类型:
第一种:
只有华人社群声量,没有全市票。
第二种:
有一定全市知名度,但停在15%—20%。
第三种:
已经接近30%,只差临门一脚。
而Chak Au则是第四种:
真正完成了从华人候选人到Richmond候选人的转换。
还有一个很容易被忽略的数据。
Richmond Council虽然最多可以选8个人,但选民实际上并不会全部填满。
2018年,平均每张Council ballot大约只选6.15个人。
2022年,也只有大约6.16个人。
这意味着:
真正的竞争甚至不是8个位置,而是选民脑海里愿意记住的大约6个名字。
所以地方选举里,name recognition极其重要。
当一个普通选民站在选票前:
Brodie、Chak Au、Carol Day、Alexa Loo、Bill McNulty……
这些熟悉名字很快就会占掉大部分位置。
一个只在微信群、社团、中文活动里很有名的新候选人,很可能根本进不了这个“六人心智名单”。
这就是为什么很多竞选看起来很热闹:
微信群很多人
社团很多人
活动很多人
中文媒体很多曝光
最后却只有5,000、6,000、7,000票。
因为这些KPI衡量的是:
community engagement
但选举真正需要的是:
citywide ballot inclusion rate。
两者不是一回事。
所以,从2018年以来列治文华人候选人的竞选经验里,最重要的教训其实只有一个:
华人候选人真正缺少的,从来不是“华人支持”。
真正稀缺的是:
在保留华人支持的同时,让其他选民也愿意把名字勾上。
华人社群可以是你的起点。
但如果它同时变成你的终点,你的得票天花板就会非常低。
Chak Au证明了:
华人身份完全可以和全市品牌共存。
Hong Guo则证明了另一个方向:
社群内的巨大声量,并不会自动转化成全市选票。
Richmond的at-large制度最终奖励的,不是谁的基本盘最激动。
而是谁能做到:
最少的人强烈反对,最多的人愿意顺手把你勾上。
这可能才是过去几届Richmond华人候选人之间,真正拉开几千甚至一万票差距的核心原因。
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首份2026年列治文市议会选举最终结果预测:
2026候选人场明显比以前更碎片化。VoteMate目前已经列出 Advance Richmond 4人、We Are Richmond 6人、Richmond Forward 4人、RCA 5人、RITE 4人、Richmond Strong 2人、Richmond United 2人、Save RCC 2人——仅这些组织就已经29名 council candidates,还没有包括所有独立人士,而且这还不是官方最终名单。
所以第8名所需比例从2022的30.1%降低到大约25%–27.5%,但由于 turnout 上升,绝对票数仍然大约要12K+。
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